1) Thought Control -
Concentration will increase by lessening the number of thoughts. Certainly it is an uphill task to reduce the number of thoughts. In the beginning it will tax you much. The task will be very unpleasant. But later on you will rejoice as you will get immense strength of mind and internal peace by reduction of thoughts. Armed with patience, perseverance, vigilance, fiery determination and iron will, you can crush the thoughts easily just as you crush a lemon or an orange with ease. After crushing them, it will be easy for you to root them out. Mere crushing or suppression will not suffice. There may be again resurrection of thoughts. They should be totally eradicated just as a loose tooth is rooted out.
It will be very difficult to fix the mind on one thought in the beginning. Diminish the number of thoughts. Try to have thoughts on one subject. If you think of a rose, you can have all sorts of thoughts connected with the rose only. You can think of different kinds of roses that are grown in different parts of the world. You can think of the various preparations that are made out of the rose and their uses. You can allow even thoughts of other kinds of flowers to enter. But do not entertain thoughts of fruits and vegetables. Check the aimless wandering of the mind. Do not have thoughts at random when you think of a rose. Gradually you can fix the mind on one thought only. You will have to discipline the mind daily. Eternal vigilance is needed in thought control.
2) Where to Concentrate
Practise various sorts of concentration. This will train or discipline your mind wonderfully. Now concentrate on the Himalayas, a very great object. Then concentrate on a mustard or a pin-point. Now concentrate on a distant object. Then concentrate on a near object. Now concentrate on a colour, sound, touch, smell or taste. Then concentrate on the tik-tik of a watch. Now concentrate on the virtue mercy. Then concentrate on the virtue patience. Now concentrate on the Sloka "Jyotishamapi Tat Jyoti..". Then concentrate on "Styam Jnanam Anantam',. Now concentrate on the image of Lord Siva. Then concentrate on the "Aham Brahmasmi" Mahavakya.
Train the mind in concentration on various objects, gross and subtle, and of various sizes, medium and big. In course of time, a strong habit of concentration will be formed. The moment you sit for concentration, the mood will come at once quite easily.
Some Illustrative Exercises
Ask your friend to show you some playing cards. Immediately after the exposure, describe the forms you have seen. Give the number and name such as king of clubs, ten of spades, queen of diamonds and jack of hearts.
Read two or three pages of a book. Then close the book' Now attend to what you have read. Abandon all distracting thoughts. Focus your attention carefully. Allow the mind to associate, classify, group, combine and compare. You will get now a fund of knowledge and information on the subject. Mere skipping over the pages inadvertently is of no use. There are students who read a book within a few hours. If you ask them to reproduce some important points of the book, they will blink. If you attend to the subject on hand very carefully, you will receive clear, Strong impressions. If the impressions are strong, you will have very good memory.
Read one page in the Gita. Close the book. Concentrate on what you have read. Find out parallel lines in the Mahabharata, the Upanishads and Bhagavata. Compare and contrast'
Sit in a comfortable posture and concentrate on anyone of the numerous abstract virtues such as mercy, compassion, etc. Dwell upon the virtue as long as you can.
3) Concentration a key to success
Fix your mind on the work on hand. Give your complete heart and soul to it. Let it be even a small work like peeling off the skin of a plantain fruit or squeezing a lemon. Never do anything haphazardly. Never take your meals in haste. Be calm and patient in all your actions. Never arrive at hasty conclusions. Never do a thing in haste. No work can be done successfully without calmness and concentration. Those who have attained success and become great have all possessed this indispensable virtue.
You will be successful in overly attempt. You will never meet with failure if you can do your work with perfect attention and concentration. When you sit for prayers and meditation, never think of your office work. When you work in the office, never think of the child who is sick or any other household
work. When you take bath, do not think of games. When you sit for meals, do not think of the work that is pending in the office. You must train yourself to attend to the work on hand with perfect one-pointedness. You can easily develop your will-power
and memory. You will become a mighty man. Concentration is the master-key to open the gates of victory.
4) Concentration on Chair
When the thought runs in one definite groove continuously on one subject alone, then it is concentration. The aspirant should withdraw his mind whenever it runs outside and put it in the same groove in the same line of thought on one subject and on one idea.
When you meditate on a chair, for instance, bring all thoughts connected with the chair and dwell on those ideas. Do not allow any other thought connected with another object to enter the mind. There should be one line of thought. There should be one continuity of thought. There may be several ideas connected with one subject. That does not matter.
Concentration on a chair really means getting a full, detailed knowledge of the chair its different parts, the particular wood out of which it is manufactured such as Devadaru and rosewood, its workmanship, its durability, its cost price, the degree of comfort it gives to the back and arms, whether the parts can be detached and fixed again, whether it is manufactured on modern lines and made bug-proof, what sort of polish or varnish is used to make it durable, and so on. When you concentrate on a chair, ideas of this sort occupy your mind.
Do not allow any other thought of any other object. Again and again bring the mind that wanders to the object, which is chair.
When you meditate on a rose, think of rose and rose alone. When you think of a book, think of all that is connected with the book and nothing outside of it. When you think of a radio or a talkie, think of the radio or talkie alone. Exhaust all matters connected with the subject on hand. you can take any subject that is pleasing to the mind. Slowly you can take up any subject
When you take up any work, apply your whole heart, full mind and soul, to the work. Do it with perfect concentration. what another can do in six hours you can turn out within half an hour, smoothly, in a methodical and orderly manner. This is Yogic activity. You will be taken for an accomplished Yogi. Even when you study, study the subject with perfect concentration. Do not allow the mind to wander. you must shut out all external sounds. Fix the gaze on one point. Do not allow the eyes to wander. When you study a subject do not think of coffee or sweetmeats or your friend.
5) Attention -
Attention is steady application of the mind. It is focussing of consciousness on some chosen object. Through attention you can develop your mental faculties and capacities. Where there is attention, there is also concentration. Attention should be cultivated gradually. It is not a special process. It is the whole mental process in one of its aspects.
By constant practice and ever-renewed effort of attention, a subject that in the beginning was dry and uninteresting may become full of interest when you master it and leam its meaning and its issues. The power of concentrating your attention on the subject may become stronger.
Throw your entire attention into whatever you happen to be doing at the moment. Practise attention on those unpleasant tasks from which you have been shrinking before on account of their unpleasantness. Throw interest upon uninteresting objects and ideas. Hold them on before your mind. Interest will slowly manifest. Many mental weaknesses will vanish. The mind will become stronger and stronger.
6) Concentration on External Objects
Concentration is holding the mind to one form or object for a long time. To remove the tossing of the mind and various other obstacles which stand in the way of one-pointedness, the practice of concentration on one thing alone should be made.
Concentration is opposed to sensuous thoughts and desires, bliss to flurry and worry, sustained thinking to perplexity, applied thinking to sloth and torpor, rapture to ill-will.
It is easy to concentrate the mind on external objects. The mind has a natural tendency to go outwards. Keep the picture of Sri Krishna, Rama, Narayana, Devi or Lord Jesus or any picture, in front of you. Look at it steadily without winking. Gaze at the head, then at the body, then at the legs. Repeat the same process again and again. When your mind calms down look at a particular spot only, then close the eyes and mentally visualize the picture.
You should be able to visualize the picture very clearly even in its absence. You will have to call up the mental picture at a moment’s notice. Keep it there steadily for sometime. This is concentration. You will have to practice this daily.
If you want to increase your power of concentration, you will have to reduce your worldly desires and activities. You will have to observe silence everyday for some hours. Then only can the mind concentrate very easily and without difficulty.